Paperweight

In the 19th-century interiors, the popularity of small decorative items reached its peak. Any free space on furniture was occupied by such items as figurines made of porcelain and metal, vases, caskets, vials, cut and painted glass, books, letters, candlesticks and flowers. The 19th century is a period when epistolography flourished. Responding to this phenomenon, the market abounded in numerous stationery elements such as pen stands, ink-wells and paperweights. The paperweight from the Wilanów collection is a testimony to that fashionable trend. It has a form of a rectangular plate and it is made of black hyalith. The paperweight is decorated with a bouquet of large spikes and field plants. It was made with the use of enamel, gilding and brazing. The latter technique was applied at a later stage, after the original gilding had abraded, but it is impossible to date it exactly.

The Wilanów collection includes several 19th-century paperweights made of black hyalith. This new type of deeply black non-transparent glass was invented at the beginning of the 19th century. Its inventor was Georg Franz August Longueval, count of Buquoy (1781–1851). He was a mathematician, a physicist, a chemists, a philosopher as well as an owner of several glass factories. In the course of his experiments he discovered a new recipe for deep black glass mass. He gave it the name of “hyalith”, inspired by the Greek word for “glass” (“hyalos”). Its production started in 1817 and it quickly became very popular. Though the count of Buquoy had the patent, soon other factories started producing similar items in response to the growing demand. The popularity of hyalith, however, lasted for a relatively short period, i.e. until the 1840s, giving place to other types of glassware.