Putto with a flower basket

The sculptures decorating the balustrade of the retaining wall and the stairs connecting the upper and lower terraces of the Baroque Garden are the most historically and artistically valuable sculptural elements of the Wilanów gardens. Their authorship is associated with one of the most outstanding representatives of the Warsaw Rococo sculpture, sculptor Johann Chrisostom Redler, and his workshop. They include the allegories of the Four Seasons, which can also be interpreted as the four stages of human life, made in Kunów sandstone, as well as four pairs of putti, symbolizing the Stages of Love, a pair of putti with sphinxes and flower baskets and vases. These themes which stem from the ancient era were one of the favourite themes in the late Baroque era. The number four, which characterizes both cycles, was considered the symbol of durability and universality of the material world. Therefore, it was used to recreate the spatial and temporal aspects of the universe. Hence the four directions of the world, four elements, four wind directions and four seasons. Both the four stages of love: Courtship, Kiss, Fear, and Quarrel, as shown in the form of pairs of putti remaining in mutual, dynamic, expressive relationships, as well as the personifications of the Four Seasons, are subject to the relentless course of time, passing and changes, just like the surrounding garden. They are the reflection of the cyclically repeated periods both in nature and human life – from flowering to vegetation, from birth to death.

The whole composition is complemented by the sculptures of putti with vases and baskets of flowers. The putti and vases which decorate the stairs and the balustrades of garden terraces were among the most popular themes used in the decoration of gardens. Their images were widely known thanks to numerous published engravings by, among others, Jean Le Pautre, Jacques-François Blondel and Simon Thomassin whose richly illustrated book including the depictions of 218 statues and vases has been translated into four languages.

Agnieszka Świtek